Closamectin Injection

Closamectin solution for injection is used in the treatment and control of mixed trematode (fluke) and nematode or arthropod infestations due to roundworms, lungworms, eye worms, warbles, mites and lice. Closamectin solution for injection uses a unique mixture of ivermectin (for the treatment of lice, worms and ticks) and closantel (for the treatment of liver fluke and gastrointestinal roundworms). Closamectin solution for injection is the only combined injection that has a high efficiency rate against late immature and mature fluke.

Active Ingredient: Ivermectin, Closantle

Target Species: Cattle, sheep

Treats and Controls: Gastro-intestinal worm, lungworm,eye worms, warbles, lice, mange mites, imature and mature fluke

Administration Method: Subcutaneous Injection (under the skin)

Withdrawal Time:48 days for cattle intended for meat and offal, not suitable for cattle producing milk for human consumption. 28 days for sheep intended for meat and offal, not suitable for cattle producing milk for human consumption.

Dosage for cattle: 2 ml per 25 kg of bodyweight.

Always read the label and all enclosed information for Closamectin before administering to animals!

The dangers of having infected cattle:

Liver Fluke:Beef cattle infected with liver fluke can suffer from weight gain reductions of between 0.5 - 1.6 kg per week. This makes the prevention of liver fluke a very high priority to the farmer.

External Parasites: Another factor that can negatively effect cattles' performance is ectoparasites. Cattle infected with lice will become irritated, which can cause a loss of appetite. Studies have shown that infected cattles' food intake can reduce by up to 20%

Worm Burdens. One of the highest contributors to productivity loss in cattle is worm burdens. Worms will not only cause poor health for the cattle but can also cause high costs for the farmer. An outbreak of gastrointestinal worms can cost a farmer up to €120 per head and an outbreak of lungworm can cost a farmer up to €60 per head.

Closamectin Treatment Regime

It is recomended that treating beef cattle at least twice a year is the most effective way of controlling the fluke problem on your farm. 

Housing: Cattle should be treated at the time of housing or just after housing. A second treatment may be needed if the cattle are housed early or if the area is highly susceptible to contamination.

Turnout:Cattle should be treated at 8 to 10 weeks after turnout. This treatment will kill fluke that have been picked up by cattle as soon as they were turned out. This treatment will also help reduce the reinfection of pastures. 

Outwintering: For cattle who are outwintered a treatment should be given in the late autumn to early winter. A second treatment may be needed in January/February.

Bought in Cattle: All bought in livestock should be treated and quarantined for at least 48 hours. This will help protect your herd from infections introduced from new cattle.

Closamectin Solution for Injection

Presentation:
Closamectin treats mixed trematode (liver fluke) and
nematode or arthropod infestations due to gastrointestinal
roundworms, lungworms, eyeworms, warbles, mites and lice
of cattle.
Closamectin Injection is a ready-to-use solution, containing:
Ivermectin 0.5% w/v
Closantel 12.5% w/v

Uses:
One dose of Closamectin Injection effectively controls
internal and external parasites that impair the health and
productivity of cattle.
For the treatment of mixed trematode (fluke) and nematode
or arthropod infestations due to gastrointestinal roundworms,
lungworms, eyeworms, warbles, mites and lice of cattle.
Gastrointestinal roundworms: Ostertagia ostertagi
(including inhibited larval stages), Ostertagia lyrata (adult),
Haemonchus placei (adult and immature), Trichostrongylus
axei (adult and immature), Trichostrongylus colubriformis
(adult and immature), Cooperia oncophora (adult and
immature), Cooperia punctata (adult and immature),
Cooperia pectinata (adult and immature), Oesophagostomum
radiatum (adult and immature), Nematodirus helvetianus
(adult), Nematodirus spathiger (adult), Strongyloides papillosus
(adult), Bunostomum phlebotomum (adult and immature),
Toxocara vitulorum (adult), Trichuris spp.
Lungworms: Dictyocaulus viviparus (adult and 4th stage
larvae)
Liver Fluke 3trematodes4: Fasciola gigantica, Fasciola hepatica.
Treatment of fluke at 12 weeks (mature)>99% efficacy.
Treatment of fluke from 7 weeks (late immature) >90% efficacy.
Eyeworms 3adult4: Thelazia spp.
Cattle grubs 3parasitic stages4: Hypoderma bovis, Hypoderma
lineatum
Lice: Linognathus vituli, Haematopinus eurysternus,
Solenopotes capillatus
Mange Mites: Psoroptes ovis (syn P communis var bovis),
Sarcoptes scabiei var bovis
Closamectin Injection may also be used as an aid in the control
of the biting louse Damalinia bovis and the mange mite
Chorioptes bovis, but complete elimination may not occur.
Persistent activity in cattle: Closamectin Injection, at the
recommended dose, controls re-infection with:
Prolonged activity
Dictyocaulus viviparous Up to 21 days
Ostertagia ostertagi Up to 21 days
Oesophagostomum radiatum Up to 21 days
Cooperia spp Up to 14 days
Trichostrongylus axei Up to 14 days
Haemonchus placei Up to 14 days
Dosage and Administration:
Bodyweight and dosage should be accurately determined
prior to treatment to avoid underdosing.
Closamectin Injection should be administered at a dosage
rate of 200 mcg ivermectin per kg and 5mg closantel per kg
bodyweight. It should be injected subcutaneously in the
middle portion of the neck using the aseptic technique. A
maximum volume of 10ml should be administered at any
one site with any residual volume administered at another
site in the neck. The first dose should be injected in the right
neck with any residual volumes injected into separate sites
on the left and right neck. A sterile 16-gauge, one-inch
needle is recommended. Use of a draw-off needle is
recommended to avoid excess broaching of the stopper.
Bodyweight 3kg4 Dose Volume 3ml4
Up to 50 2
51 - 100 4
101 - 150 6
151 - 200 8
201 - 250 10
251 - 300 12
Over 300kg bodyweight give 1ml per 25kg bodyweight
If animals are to be treated collectively, rather than individually
they should be grouped according to their bodyweight and
dosed accordingly, in order to avoid under- or over-dosing.
Mode of Action
Ivermectin paralyses and ultimately kills parasitic nematodes,
arachnids and insects by its effect on the nervous system of
these parasites. At therapeutic doses, ivermectin has no adverse
effect on cattle since it does not readily penetrate their central
nervous systems. Ivermectin belongs to the avermectin class of
anthelmintic endectocides. The mode of action exhibited by
the avermectins is unique to this class of antiparasitic agents.
Closantel is a member of the salicylanilide class of
anthelmintics. Salicylanilides are hydrogen ionophores which
act as potent uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation. The
site of action of these proton ionophores is known to be
selective uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation in parasite
mitochondria. Treatment with Closamectin when fluke are
five weeks and greater has been shown to reduce
subsequent reproductive capacity and egg shedding.
Low2Volume Injection
Closamectin Injection is highly effective against internal and
external parasites at a dose volume of 1ml per 25kg
bodyweight in cattle. It can be administered quickly and easily.
Broad Spectrum
Closamectin Injection provides broad-spectrum efficacy
against internal and external parasites of cattle.
Withdrawal Period:
Animals must not be slaughtered for human consumption
during treatment. Cattle must not be slaughtered within 49
days of treatment for human consumption. Do not use in
cattle producing milk for human consumption. Do not use in
non-lactating dairy cows including pregnant heifers within 60
days of calving. Do not use any closantel-containing products
during the 49 day withdrawal period. If an additional
ivermectin-only product is administered within the 49 day
withdrawal period set for Closamectin Injection, care should
be taken to observe the longest overall withdrawal period.
Closamectin Solution for Injection, continued
Contraindications, Warnings, etc:
Do not use in cases of known hypersensitivity to the active
ingredients.
This product is not for intravenous or intramuscular use.
Do not smoke, eat or drink while handling the product. Direct
contact of the product with the skin should be kept to a
minimum. Wash hands after use. Take care to avoid selfinjection.
Inadvertent self-injection may result in local irritation
and/or pain at the injection site.
Avermectins may not be well tolerated in all non target
species (cases of intolerance with fatal outcome are reported
in dogs – especially Collies, Old English Sheepdogs and
related breeds or crosses, and also in turtles/tortoises).
Transitory discomfort has been observed in some cattle
following subcutaneous administration. Tissue swellings at the
injection site are common up to 48 hours after injection which
resolve thereafter without treatment. Hardness on palpation
may be observed up to 7 days following administration. These
reactions resolve without treatment.
To avoid secondary reactions due to the death of Hypoderma
larvae in the oesophagus or in the spine it is recommended to
administer the product at the end of warble fly activity and
before the larvae reach their resting sites. Consult your
veterinarian on the correct timing of treatment.
Overdose: Closantel like other salicylanilides is a potent
uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation and the safety index
is not as high as is the case of many other anthelmintics.
However where used as directed there are unlikely to be any
untoward effects. Signs of overdosage can include slight loss
of appetite, loose faeces, decreased vision and increased
frequency of defecation. High doses may cause blindness,
hyperventilation, general weakness and inco-ordination,
hyperthermia, convulsions, tachycardia and in extreme cases
death. Treatment of overdosage is symptomatic as no
antidote has been identified.
Pharmaceutical Precautions:
EXTREMELY DANGEROUS TO FISH AND AQUATIC LIFE. Do
not contaminate surface water or ditches with the product
or used container. Any unused product or waste materials
should be disposed off in accordance with national
requirements.
Do not store above 25˚C. Protect from light.
This product does not contain a preservative.
After first dose discard the vial within 28 days. This date
should be recorded on the label. Discard unused material.

Legal Category:
Package Quantities:
Closamectin Injection is available in three ready-to-use sizes
- 100ml, 250ml and 500ml volumes.
Closamectin Solution for Injection, continued
Norbrook Laboratories Limited Station Works, Newry, Co. Down BT35 6JP. Tel: 028 3026 4435
Norbrook Laboratories (GB) Limited 1 Saxon Way East, Oakley Hay Industrial Estate, Corby NN18 9EX. Tel: 01536 741 147
www.norbrook.co.uk
Closamectin Solution for Injection, continued

Further Information:
Ivermectin belongs to the avermectin [3-AV] class of
anthelmintics in the endectocides. Chemical group of
anthelmintic endectocides [3-AV]. Closantel is a member of
the salicylanilide class of anthelmintics.
Further information for the treatment programmes for
mixed infestations consisting of nematodes and/or
ectoparasite concurrent with fluke.
The timing for treatment should be based on
epidemiological factors and should be customised for each
individual farm. As with other anthelmintics, veterinary
advice should be sought on appropriate dosing programme
and stock management to achieve adequate parasite control
and reduce the likelihood of resistance developing.
Care should be taken to avoid the following practices
because they increase the risk of development of resistance
and could ultimately result in ineffective therapy:
􀀀 Too frequent and repeated use of anthelmintics from the
same class, over an extended period of time.
􀀀 Underdosing which may be due to underestimation of
bodyweight, misadministration of the product, or lack of
calibration of the dosing device.
Suspected clinical cases of resistance to anthelmintics
should be further investigated using appropriate tests (e.g.
Faecal Egg Count Reduction Test). Where the results of the
tests strongly suggest resistance to a particular anthelmintic,
an anthelmintic belonging to another pharmacological class
and having a different mode of action should be used.
Resistance to ivermectin has been reported in Cooperia spp
in cattle. Therefore the use of this product should be based
on local epidemiological information about the susceptibility
of the Cooperia spp and recommendations on how to limit
further selection for resistance to anthelmintics.
Patent No: EP1478327B
VM No: 02000/4254
For Animal Treatment Only
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